{"id":490,"date":"2024-02-28T16:04:27","date_gmt":"2024-02-28T15:04:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/learn-more-about-the-seguin\/"},"modified":"2025-01-23T14:07:50","modified_gmt":"2025-01-23T13:07:50","slug":"learn-more-about-the-seguin","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/en\/learn-more-about-the-seguin\/","title":{"rendered":"Learn more about the Seguin"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"490\" class=\"elementor elementor-490 elementor-408\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10ba1df e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10ba1df\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83875b0 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"83875b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-185a7f1 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"185a7f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Learn more about the Seguin<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9010ac1 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9010ac1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d051daa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d051daa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e10c8c4 e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e10c8c4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0954af3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0954af3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc3f156 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"cc3f156\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e657e04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e657e04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L\u2019Esprit Seguin<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62e6689 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"62e6689\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fbb366 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6fbb366\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marc Seguin was a precursor of the industrial revolution (suspension bridges, tubular boilers, railways). In contrast to many of his contemporaries, he intervened in numerous fields and disciplines (scientific theory, innovation, astronomy, teaching, etc.). In addition, he practices an approach that is comparable to current creativity processes, including design thinking.\u202f<\/p>\n<p>Two factors explain this diversity and this approach. On the one hand, the teenager Marc Seguin will spend three years with his great-uncle Joseph de Montgolfier. This brilliant mind invented (with his brother Etienne) the aerostat and settled in Paris where he was admitted to the Academy of Sciences, taught at Arts et M\u00e9tiers and was part of the famous lodge of the \u201cnine sisters\u201d where he frequents Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson and many other scholars and artists of this revolutionary time. He is also the mentor of young Annoneans sent to Paris to complete their education. He pays particular attention to young Marc whose talents he discerns. He knows that Marc will not be able to continue his studies in Paris for family reasons and gives him a solid scientific foundation based on the principles of the Enlightenment (observation, reason and science) without forgetting his admiration for Newton.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>Back in Annonay, Marc Seguin will quickly be identified as an exceptional subject. He completes his scientific and technical training. He created a workshop for experimenting as well as a first astronomical observatory. The richness of the Annonay ecosystem at that time was an ideal environment for developing his curiosity and intuition and allowed him to respond to a wide variety of requests which accustomed him to intervene in many areas. He does this by resorting to observation, imagination, self-training, prototyping and testing, without forgetting to surround yourself with the advice of experienced people. And by paying attention very naturally to the societal needs of his time, small and large, universal or domestic.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>It is this approach that he will pursue to undertake projects as innovative and important as the cable suspension bridges (1825), navigation on the Rh\u00f4ne, the tubular boiler (which will equip George Stephenson&#8217;s &#8220;Rocket&#8221;) (1827) or even the construction of the first modern railway line on the European continent (1832), projects which earned him to be considered as a precursor of the industrial revolution in France. But also to tackle societal projects later (social buildings, follow-up care establishments, businesses for retirees), which will just as naturally lead him to be interested in transmission.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In this he is closer of his English and American colleagues (\u201cthe civil engineers\u201d).\u202f\u202fHe is an \u201cengineer-entrepreneur\u201d who first considers the world around him and develops a work approach and ad hoc solutions. Its practical approach supported by targeted scientific or technical research that responds to a societal demand or need is close to what we today call design thinking. A working method that becomes an art of life. Very far from the abstract method based on mathematics of the great schools and the great bodies of the State.\u202f<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>This creative approach is inspiring.\u202fObservation of uses, sense of enterprise, concern for social utility, use of knowledge and networks to find relevant information, experimentation are on its dashboard. So many themes that resonate with 21st century innovation and so many factors of creativity.\u202f<\/p>\n<p>In 1860, at age 75, he did better. He will \u201cembody\u201d his approach to the world and his creative approach in Varagnes: he is no longer an entrepreneur but wants to continue to grasp the scientific and societal issues of the time which interest him, to pursue research, creation and transmission to his as he pleases and do it with the approach that has been his all his life. He created Varagnes for this purpose. A unique approach which creates a unique place.<\/p>\n<p>It will \u201cequip\u201d Varagnes accordingly: journals, books, archives, scientific instruments, artistic equipment, observatory, testing room, mechanics workshop, chemistry workshop , carpentry, blacksmithing and also classroom to transmit. (see the chapter \u201cLearn more about Varagnes\u201d)<\/p>\n<p>His descendants will not be left behind in terms of creativity. One of his sons, Augustin, who inherits Varagnes, increases the spectrum of family curiosity to artistic creation. Augustin was both an engineer, entrepreneur, innovator and artist. Varagnes testifies to his gifts: paintings and sculptures, decoration of the interior of the greenhouse, apse of the chapel etc. He maintained close contact with the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts in Lyon, at the same time as he discussed optics, photography and acoustics with Louis Lumi\u00e8re who came to Varagnes. From 1866 until the end of the century, Augustin directed the Chantiers de la Buire, a conglomerate commensurate with his intellectual curiosity which produced railway carriages, electric turbines, tramways, cars, looms, astronomical telescopes, etc. With Augustin, art intersects with science.<\/p>\n<p>His son Marc will use his studies in photography to develop radiology and equip the Annonay hospital.<\/p>\n<p>Another son , Louis, created the company Gnome, today Safran, and developed with his brother Laurent the rotary aircraft engine, a key innovation in the history of aeronautics. Their brother Tintin filed more than 65 patents and was a distinguished aviator.<\/p>\n<p>One of Augustin&#8217;s daughters, Rose, was a talented painter and another son, Joseph, was a very original poet who contributed to introducing Ha\u00ef Kai in France at the beginning of the 20th century and devoted one of his Ha\u00ef Kai books to the war of 14-18. One of his grandsons, Raoul de Warren, was a historian and novelist. The artist&#8217;s studio preserves numerous testimonies of the works of members of the family.<\/p>\n<p>And the list is not exhaustive!<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3b8f17 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e3b8f17\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2506724 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2506724\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e59d391 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e59d391\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"448\" height=\"620\" src=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tableau_rose.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1317\" alt=\"Tableau de Rose Seguin\" srcset=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tableau_rose.jpg 448w, https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tableau_rose-217x300.jpg 217w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 448px) 100vw, 448px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Painting by Rose Seguin<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df3581a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"df3581a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"384\" height=\"650\" src=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/livre_portesdelenfer_w650.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1563\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/livre_portesdelenfer_w650.jpeg 384w, https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/livre_portesdelenfer_w650-177x300.jpeg 177w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 384px) 100vw, 384px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Book by Raoul de Warren - The Gates of Hell - Published in Herne<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ee3969 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1ee3969\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86f78ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"86f78ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"564\" height=\"564\" src=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/haikai.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1561\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/haikai.jpeg 564w, https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/haikai-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/haikai-150x150.jpeg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 564px) 100vw, 564px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Haiku by Joseph Seguin<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bc66d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6bc66d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.stephaniehenryseguin.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/stephaniehenriseguinMAD.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1565\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/stephaniehenriseguinMAD.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/stephaniehenriseguinMAD-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/stephaniehenriseguinMAD-768x576.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">The \u201cMAD\u201d installation by St\u00e9phanie Henry-Seguin<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30ffd33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"30ffd33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"564\" height=\"734\" src=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/arbrequipleure.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1567\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/arbrequipleure.jpeg 564w, https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/arbrequipleure-231x300.jpeg 231w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 564px) 100vw, 564px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">The Weeping Tree - Glass sculpture by St\u00e9phanie Seguin<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-740af14 e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"740af14\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bf5535 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6bf5535\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7120cad elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7120cad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1d145d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f1d145d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Innovations and businesses<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f67823 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9f67823\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9bbe79e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9bbe79e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Some key dates of Seguin innovations and businesses are illustrated below.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ee791a elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-widget elementor-widget-loop-carousel\" data-id=\"9ee791a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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--e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-size:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-size );font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );text-transform:var( --e-global-typography-primary-text-transform );color:var( --e-global-color-primary );}.elementor-497 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0ccbd4f{text-align:center;}.elementor-497 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0ccbd4f .elementor-heading-title{font-family:\"Montserrat\", Sans-serif;font-size:0.9em;font-weight:600;text-transform:uppercase;color:var( --e-global-color-text );}.elementor-497 .elementor-element.elementor-element-dfd4750{text-align:center;}.elementor-497 .elementor-element.elementor-element-dfd4750 .elementor-heading-title{font-family:\"Montserrat\", Sans-serif;font-size:1.1em;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;color:var( --e-global-color-text );}.elementor-widget-text-editor{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-size:var( 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--e-global-typography-text-font-size );}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title{font-size:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-size );}.elementor-497 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0ccbd4f .elementor-heading-title{font-size:0.8em;}.elementor-497 .elementor-element.elementor-element-dfd4750 .elementor-heading-title{font-size:1.1em;}.elementor-widget-text-editor{font-size:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-size );}}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"497\" class=\"elementor elementor-497 elementor-451 elementor-451 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-502 post-502 dates-cles type-dates-cles status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-208fa3c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"208fa3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06391cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"06391cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"335\" src=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1er-pont-suspendu-de-marc-seguin.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-431\" alt=\"1er mod\u00e8le du Pont Suspendu de Marc Seguin\" srcset=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1er-pont-suspendu-de-marc-seguin.jpg 500w, https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1er-pont-suspendu-de-marc-seguin-300x201.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b9f759 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7b9f759\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67c08ab e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"67c08ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ccbd4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0ccbd4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tain-Tournon bridge<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfd4750 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dfd4750\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1st model of Marc Seguin&#8217;s Suspension Bridge<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-496b56d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"496b56d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As an architect and inventor, Marc Seguin created suspension bridges following studies into the traction of metal cables in 1822. The first of these was inaugurated on 25\/8\/1825 between Tain and Tournon.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"497\" class=\"elementor elementor-497 elementor-451 elementor-451 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-501 post-501 dates-cles type-dates-cles status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-208fa3c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"208fa3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06391cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"06391cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"378\" src=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/chemin-de-fer-de-saint-etienne-a-lyon.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-434\" alt=\"Chemin de fer de Saint-Etienne \u00e0 Lyon\" srcset=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/chemin-de-fer-de-saint-etienne-a-lyon.jpg 500w, https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/chemin-de-fer-de-saint-etienne-a-lyon-300x227.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b9f759 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7b9f759\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67c08ab e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"67c08ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ccbd4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0ccbd4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Engraving<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfd4750 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dfd4750\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Railway from Saint-Etienne to Lyon<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-496b56d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"496b56d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In 1826, the Seguin brothers &#8211; Marc, Camille, Paul, Charles and Jules &#8211; decided to study the creation of a railway line between the Saint-Etienne coalfield and the city of Lyon. They won their tender the same year. In 1833, the entire line was opened.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"497\" class=\"elementor elementor-497 elementor-451 elementor-451 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-500 post-500 dates-cles type-dates-cles status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-208fa3c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"208fa3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06391cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"06391cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/de-linfluence-des-chemins-de-fer-et-de-lart-de-les-tracer-et-de-les-conduire.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-438\" alt=\"De l\u2019influence des chemins de fer et de l&#039;art de les tracer et de les conduire\" srcset=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/de-linfluence-des-chemins-de-fer-et-de-lart-de-les-tracer-et-de-les-conduire.jpg 500w, https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/de-linfluence-des-chemins-de-fer-et-de-lart-de-les-tracer-et-de-les-conduire-300x210.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b9f759 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7b9f759\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67c08ab e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"67c08ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ccbd4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0ccbd4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">by Marc Seguin a\u00een\u00e9<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfd4750 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dfd4750\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The influence of railways and the art of laying out and operating them<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"497\" class=\"elementor elementor-497 elementor-451 elementor-451 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-499 post-499 dates-cles type-dates-cles status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-208fa3c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"208fa3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06391cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"06391cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/la-locomotive-seguin-a-chaudiere-tubulaire.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-441\" alt=\"La Locomotive Seguin \u00e0 Chaudi\u00e8re Tubulaire\" srcset=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/la-locomotive-seguin-a-chaudiere-tubulaire.jpg 500w, https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/la-locomotive-seguin-a-chaudiere-tubulaire-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b9f759 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7b9f759\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67c08ab e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"67c08ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ccbd4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0ccbd4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paris 2012 exhibition<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfd4750 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dfd4750\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Seguin Locomotive with Tubular Boiler<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-496b56d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"496b56d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marc Seguin&#8217;s locomotive made its first runs in 1829, implementing the principle of the tubular boiler, patented by Marc Seguin in 1827. It was the real trigger for the use of steam as a mechanical power.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"497\" class=\"elementor elementor-497 elementor-451 elementor-451 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-494 post-494 dates-cles type-dates-cles status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-208fa3c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"208fa3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06391cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"06391cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" src=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/automobile-buire.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-444\" alt=\"Automobile Buire\" srcset=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/automobile-buire.jpg 500w, https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/automobile-buire-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b9f759 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7b9f759\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67c08ab e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"67c08ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfd4750 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dfd4750\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Automobile Buire<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-496b56d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"496b56d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Founded in 1847, Les chantiers de la Buire is a unique company in Lyon, headed by Augustin Seguin from 1866 until his death in 1904. This steel construction company was highly successful in the production of rolling stock for the railways, but also participated in the development of car manufacturing. It also diversified into special constructions such as weaving looms, electric motors and astronomical telescopes.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"497\" class=\"elementor elementor-497 elementor-451 elementor-451 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-496 post-496 dates-cles type-dates-cles status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-208fa3c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"208fa3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06391cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"06391cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"322\" src=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/lusine-gnome-et-rhone.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-447\" alt=\"L&#039;Usine Gnome et Rhone\" srcset=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/lusine-gnome-et-rhone.jpg 500w, https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/lusine-gnome-et-rhone-300x193.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b9f759 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7b9f759\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67c08ab e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"67c08ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ccbd4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0ccbd4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Colombes<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfd4750 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dfd4750\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Gnome and Rhone Factory<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-496b56d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"496b56d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Louis Seguin opened an industrial engine factory in Gennevilliers in 1895. In 1905, he and his brothers founded Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 du moteur Gn\u00f4me, targeting the boat and then car engine markets. Under Laurent&#8217;s impetus, the company began manufacturing a rotary aircraft engine in 1908. On 12 January 1915, Gnome absorbed Le Rh\u00f4ne to form the &#8220;Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des moteurs Gnome et Rh\u00f4ne&#8221;, which produced 25,000 engines, plus 75,000 under licence, during the First World War.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"497\" class=\"elementor elementor-497 elementor-451 elementor-451 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-495 post-495 dates-cles type-dates-cles status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-208fa3c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"208fa3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06391cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"06391cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"290\" height=\"430\" src=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/moteur-rotatif-gnome-modele-omega.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-450\" alt=\"Moteur Rotatif Gnome (mod\u00e8le Om\u00e9ga)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/moteur-rotatif-gnome-modele-omega.jpg 290w, https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/moteur-rotatif-gnome-modele-omega-202x300.jpg 202w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 290px) 100vw, 290px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b9f759 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7b9f759\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67c08ab e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"67c08ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ccbd4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0ccbd4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Exhibition at the 1st World Aviation Meeting in Reims (1909)<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfd4750 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dfd4750\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gnome Rotary Engine (Omega model)<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-496b56d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"496b56d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>At the end of 1907, the Seguins began work on the 1st rotary engine specially designed for aviation, and which was to be the best aviation engine for several years.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Previous\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-left\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M646 125C629 125 613 133 604 142L308 442C296 454 292 471 292 487 292 504 296 521 308 533L604 854C617 867 629 875 646 875 663 875 679 871 692 858 704 846 713 829 713 812 713 796 708 779 692 767L438 487 692 225C700 217 708 204 708 187 708 171 704 154 692 142 675 129 663 125 646 125Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Next\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M696 533C708 521 713 504 713 487 713 471 708 454 696 446L400 146C388 133 375 125 354 125 338 125 325 129 313 142 300 154 292 171 292 187 292 204 296 221 308 233L563 492 304 771C292 783 288 800 288 817 288 833 296 850 308 863 321 871 338 875 354 875 371 875 388 867 400 854L696 533Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7fa556 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7fa556\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e37754 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"8e37754\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-770a089 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"770a089\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">ARTISTIC CREATION<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-461c2d7 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"461c2d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94a7a87 elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"94a7a87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;justified&quot;,&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:200,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;content_hover_animation&quot;:&quot;fade-in&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/fondation-seguin-oeuvre-scaled.jpeg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"94a7a87\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzcyLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvc2VndWluLXZhcmFnbmVzLmV1XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wNFwvZm9uZGF0aW9uLXNlZ3Vpbi1vZXV2cmUtc2NhbGVkLmpwZWciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiI5NGE3YTg3In0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/fondation-seguin-oeuvre-scaled.jpeg\" data-width=\"2560\" data-height=\"1707\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/atelier_dessein_h1000_r200.jpeg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"94a7a87\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTU0MywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3NlZ3Vpbi12YXJhZ25lcy5ldVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDVcL2F0ZWxpZXJfZGVzc2Vpbl9oMTAwMF9yMjAwLmpwZWciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiI5NGE3YTg3In0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/atelier_dessein_h1000_r200.jpeg\" data-width=\"667\" data-height=\"1000\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/augustin_peint.jpeg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"94a7a87\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTU0NSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3NlZ3Vpbi12YXJhZ25lcy5ldVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDVcL2F1Z3VzdGluX3BlaW50LmpwZWciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiI5NGE3YTg3In0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/augustin_peint.jpeg\" data-width=\"616\" data-height=\"826\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/chapelle_abside_h1000_r200.jpeg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"94a7a87\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTU0NywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3NlZ3Vpbi12YXJhZ25lcy5ldVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDVcL2NoYXBlbGxlX2Fic2lkZV9oMTAwMF9yMjAwLmpwZWciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiI5NGE3YTg3In0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/chapelle_abside_h1000_r200.jpeg\" data-width=\"667\" data-height=\"1000\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/sculpture_h1000_r200.jpeg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"94a7a87\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTU0OSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3NlZ3Vpbi12YXJhZ25lcy5ldVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDVcL3NjdWxwdHVyZV9oMTAwMF9yMjAwLmpwZWciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiI5NGE3YTg3In0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/sculpture_h1000_r200.jpeg\" data-width=\"667\" data-height=\"1000\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/serre_deco_h1000.jpeg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"94a7a87\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTU1MSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3NlZ3Vpbi12YXJhZ25lcy5ldVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDVcL3NlcnJlX2RlY29faDEwMDAuanBlZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6Ijk0YTdhODcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/serre_deco_h1000.jpeg\" data-width=\"750\" data-height=\"1000\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a41eb3a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a41eb3a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab72052 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"ab72052\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-075f321 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"075f321\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">References and bibliography<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5b020b elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f5b020b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77d5170 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77d5170\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>On the<\/strong><strong>Seguin<\/strong>family, see the website <strong><span style=\"color: #cf644b;\"> <a style=\"color: #cf644b;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.art-et-histoire.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>www.art-et-histoire.com<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>On Marc Seguin<\/strong>, see the following books:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Michel Cotte: &#8220;The choice of the industrial revolution. The companies of Marc Seguin and his brothers ( 1815-1835)&#8221; PUR 2007<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4da8c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"c4da8c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2060\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2060\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Read more <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-arrow-alt-circle-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 504c137 0 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248zm0-448c110.5 0 200 89.5 200 200s-89.5 200-200 200S56 366.5 56 256 145.5 56 256 56zm20 328h-40c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12V256h-67c-10.7 0-16-12.9-8.5-20.5l99-99c4.7-4.7 12.3-4.7 17 0l99 99c7.6 7.6 2.2 20.5-8.5 20.5h-67v116c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-arrow-alt-circle-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm0 448c-110.5 0-200-89.5-200-200S145.5 56 256 56s200 89.5 200 200-89.5 200-200 200zm-32-316v116h-67c-10.7 0-16 12.9-8.5 20.5l99 99c4.7 4.7 12.3 4.7 17 0l99-99c7.6-7.6 2.2-20.5-8.5-20.5h-67V140c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2060\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24e7192 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"24e7192\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2060\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8660cac e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8660cac\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b6f0ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5b6f0ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Jean Salen\u00e7on: &#8220;Marc Seguin (1786-1875)&#8221; in La Vie des Sciences Mars Avril 1987 Comptes Rendus s\u00e9rie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale tome 4-p 142<\/li>\n<li>Michel Cotte: &#8220;Les bateaux \u00e0 vapeur des Seguin et la chaudi\u00e8re tubulaire&#8221;. XVIII\u00e8 Congr\u00e8s ICOTHEC CNAM Paris 1990<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>.-H. Reynaud: &#8220;Marc Seguin, du pont de Tournon aux premiers chemins de fer<strong> &#8221; <\/strong>Editions du Vivarais, 1986<\/li>\n<li>Claude Bechetoille: &#8220;Marc Seguin, grand savant m\u00e9connu&#8221;. Bourges 1975<\/li>\n<li>Georges Renaudie and Michel Faure: &#8220;les Riches Heures de Marc Seguin&#8221; les Compagnons du Livre Annonay 1975<\/li>\n<li>P E Marchal and Laurent Seguin: &#8220;Marc Seguin La naissance du premier chemin de fer fran\u00e7ais&#8221;. Cuzin 1957<\/li>\n<li>Philippe Lambert: &#8220;Marc Seguin, ing\u00e9nieur et physicien&#8221; in Hommes et Mondes Mai 1956 p 207<\/li>\n<li>Ren\u00e9 de Prandi\u00e8res &#8220;Souvenirs de la vie priv\u00e9e de Marc Seguin&#8221;1926 Rey, Lyon<\/li>\n<li>Marc Seguin 1786-1875 Comit\u00e9 du Monument Seguin 1913<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;Notice biographique sur Marc Seguin&#8221; Pitrat Lyon 1887<\/li>\n<li>L&#8217;illustration des Chemins de Fer : &#8220;Marc Seguin&#8221; 1886-1887<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;Le centenaire de Marc Seguin&#8221; (Marc Seguin&#8217;s centenary) Journal Barral 16 July 1887<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Many websites are devoted to Marc Seguin, including Wikipedia.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c3443c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3c3443c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>About La <b>Compagnie du chemin de fer de Saint-\u00c9tienne \u00e0 Lyon<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>See the dedicated Wikipedia page: <a title=\"Compagnie_du_chemin_de_fer_de_Saint-%C3%89tienne_%C3%A0_Lyon\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Compagnie_du_chemin_de_fer_de_Saint-%C3%89tienne_%C3%A0_Lyon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>On Louis and Laurent Seguin<\/strong>, see Wikipedia &#8221; <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louis_Seguin_(ing%C3%A9nieur)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Louis Seguin<\/a> &#8221; &#8221; Moteurs Gnome &#8221; &#8221; Safran&#8221;and other sites and articles mentioned there<\/p>\n<p>See also &#8220;J&#8217;ai vu naitre l&#8217;aviation&#8221; by Henri Fabre<\/p>\n<p><strong>About <\/strong><strong>J<\/strong><strong>oseph Seguin<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;En pleine figure. Ha\u00efkus de la guerre 14-18&#8221;, anthology compiled by Dominique Chipot, Editions Bruno Doucey, Paris, 2013.<\/p>\n<p>Recording of the biography of Joseph written by Genevi\u00e8ve Besson, his daughter<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;En pleine figure. Ha\u00efkus de la guerre 14-18&#8221;, anthology compiled by Dominique Chipot, Editions Bruno Doucey, Paris, 2013.<\/p>\n<p><strong>About Rose Seguin Bechetoille<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Coming soon&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><strong>On Raoul de Warren<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>See the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.editionsdelherne.com\/auteur\/raoul-de-warren\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bibliography published by L&#8217;Herne<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>On the Manginis<\/strong>, see Collections de Varagnes (in the chapter &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/en\/do-you-want-to-know-more-about-varagnes\/\">En savoir plus sur Varagnes<\/a>&#8220;) and &#8220;Les voies des Mangini , entrepreneurs humanistes lyonnais&#8221; by Laurence Duran Jaillard. Libel Lyon. 2018<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Learn more about the Seguin L\u2019Esprit Seguin Marc Seguin was a precursor of the industrial revolution (suspension bridges, tubular boilers, railways). In contrast to many of his contemporaries, he intervened in numerous fields and disciplines (scientific theory, innovation, astronomy, teaching, etc.). In addition, he practices an approach that is comparable to current creativity processes, including [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":413,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-490","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/490","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=490"}],"version-history":[{"count":42,"href":"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/490\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3123,"href":"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/490\/revisions\/3123"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/413"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/seguin-varagnes.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=490"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}